What is an IGES file?
IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) is one of the oldest neutral CAD formats. It was first published in 1980 under the US National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) so that different CAD systems could swap drawings and 3D geometry. The last version, 5.3, came out in 1996; since then STEP has taken over most new work, but IGES files are still everywhere in supplier libraries, tooling and CAM.
An IGES file is plain text in fixed 80-character lines, split into Start, Global, Directory and Parameter sections. The Global section names the sending system and the unit; each entity is a line, arc, NURBS curve, NURBS or trimmed surface, or (in newer files) a B-rep solid. Both .igs and .iges are the same format.
A 3D printer cannot use those exact surfaces directly. The slicer needs a triangle mesh, which is what STL is. This converter tessellates every surface into triangles at the quality you choose and writes them in millimetres.
IGES exports from common CAD programs such as SolidWorks, Autodesk Inventor, CATIA, Siemens NX, Rhino and FreeCAD open here, as do older files from supplier part libraries.
IGES vs STEP vs STL
| IGES (.igs, .iges) | STEP (.stp, .step) | STL (.stl) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| What it stores | Exact curves and surfaces (NURBS, trimmed surfaces), sometimes solids | Exact solids and surfaces with assembly structure, colours and metadata | Only triangles: a faceted copy of the outer surface |
| Standard | IGES 5.3 (1996), a US national standard no longer developed | ISO 10303, still updated (AP203, AP214, AP242) | De facto format from 3D Systems (1987) |
| Units | Stored in the file header | Stored in the file | None: slicers assume millimetres |
| Typical use | Older CAD exchange, surface models, tooling, CNC and CAM | Modern CAD exchange between programs | 3D printing and slicers |
| Editable in CAD | Yes (surfaces may need repair or knitting) | Yes, usually as clean solids | Hard: a mesh, not features |
| Watertight | Not always: many IGES files are separate surfaces | Usually, when exported as solids | Only if the source was closed |
In short: IGES and STEP keep exact CAD geometry and are what you edit; STL is the triangle copy a slicer prints. Have a STEP file instead? Use the STEP to STL converter.
How to convert IGES to STL for 3D printing
- 1
Export IGES from CAD
In your CAD program choose File, Export (or Save As) and pick IGES (.igs or .iges). Solids or trimmed surfaces both work.
- 2
Drop the file here
Add the .iges or .igs above. The CAD kernel (a few MB) downloads the first time, then the file is read in your browser.
- 3
Pick the quality
Normal suits most prints. Fine makes round holes and fillets smoother; Coarse keeps big flat parts small.
- 4
Check the parts and size
Turn off parts you do not want to print, and check the size in millimetres against a dimension you know.
- 5
Download and slice
Save a binary STL (or one STL per part in a ZIP) and open it in your slicer. OBJ and GLB are there for other 3D apps.
What gets converted, and the limits
- Surfaces and solids are converted. Curves, points, drawings, dimensions and annotations have no surface to print, so they are skipped.
- Many IGES files are a set of separate surfaces rather than one closed solid, so the STL can have small gaps where surfaces meet. If your slicer reports holes, run it through the STL repair tool.
- The output is in millimetres, converted from the unit in the file header (an inch file is scaled by 25.4).
- Files up to 50 MB are accepted. A conversion that would produce more than 4 million triangles stops with a message to use Coarse.
- Compressed (.igs with a C section) and binary IGES are rare and not supported. STEP files go to the STEP to STL converter.
Slicer reports holes or open edges? Repair the STL, then check it in the STL viewer.
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Program names are trademarks of their owners and are used only to describe file compatibility; The3DAI is not affiliated with or endorsed by them. The conversion uses the open-source Open CASCADE Technology kernel (LGPL-2.1).